DeCure's autonomous Cancer AI scientist is researching a drug-repurposing hypothesis for myeloid sarcoma — screening already-approved drugs against its 40-gene Open Targets disease module to publish open-access research. Research is fast; the path to publication is funded in milestone stages.
Disease moduleMyeloid sarcoma maps to a 40-gene Open Targets module — the target space DeCure's AI scientist screens approved drugs against.
DeCure.ai methodSignature reversal (LINCS) plus network proximity (STRING) rank already-approved drugs likely to perturb this module — the same engine that produces DeCure.ai's repurposing hypotheses.
Repurposing thesisScreening approved medicines against this disease module, then publishing the evidence for the strongest candidate. Known pharmacology and human exposure data make the first question sharper — they do not establish safety or efficacy in a new indication.
Research record
01
ResearchComing soon
Candidate research + dossier — target rationale, drug-repurposing thesis and evidence pack.proof: Published dossier + on-chain hash
02
ValidationComing soon
In-vitro biological validation at a contract research org (CRO).proof: CRO contract + in-vitro report
03
Peer review & paperComing soon
Peer-reviewed paper published open-access (preprint + journal).proof: DOI + open-access link + on-chain hash
Current lead
No approved-drug candidate for myeloid sarcoma is corroborated in the literature DeepSearch retrieved. Some conditions are managed with non-pharmacological care — a device, surgery or physical therapy — rather than a medicine; that may be the case here, or the literature we found may simply be too sparse yet to support a drug-repurposing angle.
Molecular view
Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) — BTK is one of the genes genetically linked to this disease in Open Targets — shown as context, not as a drug target we're pursuing: no approved-drug candidate for this disease is yet corroborated in the literature we found.
Loading structure…
helix sheet 7h-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yldrag to rotate · scroll to zoom
RCSB Protein Data Bank · entry 6VXQ · 1.4 Å · ligand N-{[4-(7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)phenyl]methyl}benzamide (RQS). Experimental structure, not a prediction.
What the evidence adds up to
A 2025 retrospective study of 573 myeloid sarcoma cases from the US SEER database found a 3-year relative survival rate of 43.4% and a 5-year rate of 39.0%. Most patients were male (57.9%) and 55.1% were aged 60 or older. Chemotherapy was given to 51.1% of patients, radiation to 26.2%, and surgery to 13.6%. Chemotherapy and surgical management were associated with better survival. The primary cause of death was malignant disease, particularly leukaemias, and most deaths occurred within the first year after diagnosis.
A 2022 Indian study of 31 patients reported a median age of 32 years. Of these, 21 (67.7%) had de novo isolated myeloid sarcoma, 5 were associated with acute myeloid leukaemia, and 5 with chronic myeloid leukaemia. Sixteen patients (51.6%) achieved complete remission, 10 (32.3%) partial remission, and 5 (16.1%) progressed. Patients who received surgery and/or radiotherapy plus chemotherapy had a higher complete remission rate (66.7%) than those given chemotherapy alone (42.1%), and a better 36-month survival rate (83.3% versus 78.9%). Two patients in the combined-treatment group and four in the chemotherapy-only group died during follow-up.
A 2015 clinicopathologic study of 20 cases reported a median age at diagnosis of 47 years, with 16 male and 4 female patients. The most common locations were lymph nodes and skin. Median follow-up for 18 cases was 33 weeks; 5 patients died of disease at an average of 36 weeks. Two single-case reports from 2013 describe responses to treatment: one patient with extramedullary relapse after stem-cell transplantation achieved durable remission with a combination of daunorubicin, cytarabine, and cladribine plus radiotherapy and donor lymphocyte infusion; another patient with isolated myeloid sarcoma and multiple bone lesions showed rapid remineralisation after high-dose cytarabine.
What is still missing are prospective controlled trials that could define standard treatment for myeloid sarcoma. The available evidence comes from retrospective series and case reports, with small sample sizes and no randomised comparisons. Patient stratification by molecular subtype, tumour location, and prior haematologic disease is not yet established, and funding for multi-centre trials in this rare malignancy remains limited.
Evidence
Retrieved by DeepSearch across 234,678,978 indexed works and resolved on OpenAlex — ranked by citations, including the results that did not work.
Turkish Journal of Hematology · 2015 · 17 citations · open access
Myeloid Sarcomas: A Clinicopathologic Study of 20 Cases
AbstractOBJECTIVE: Myeloid sarcoma is a tumoral mass of mature or immature myeloid blasts in extramedullary anatomic locations. It can be seen de novo or in association with acute myeloid leukemia, myeloproliferative neoplasias, or myelodysplastic syndrome. Isolated myeloid sarcoma can be seen as a relapse in cases with allogenic bone marrow transplantation. Although it may involve any tissue in the body, the most common locations are skin, soft tissues, lymph nodes, and the gastrointestinal tract. Immunohistochemically, most cases show myelomonocytic or pure monoblastic differentiation. We reviewed the clinicopathological features of 20 cases of myeloid sarcoma diagnosed in our institute in view of the literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The cases diagnosed between 2005 and 2012 at the Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, were selected. Clinicopathological findings including the age and sex of the patients; symptoms; anatomic location; accompanying hematological disease; and the morphological, immunohistochemical, and cytogenetic features of the cases were noted. RESULTS: Sixteen of the patients were male and 4 were female. The median age at diagnosis was 47 years. The most commonly involved locations were the lymph nodes and skin. Immunohistochemically, eleven cases were of the myelomonocytic and 7 cases were of the myeloid phenotype, whereas 2 cases showed pure monoblastic differentiation. The median follow-up period for the 18 cases with known clinical data was 33 weeks. Five patients died of the disease in an average of 36 weeks. CONCLUSION: Myeloid sarcoma is a rare presentation of leukemias, myeloproliferative neoplasias, or myelodysplastic syndrome, composed of immature myelomonocytic cells in extramedullary tissues. It may present with variable morphological and phenotypic features, always creating a challenge in pathological diagnosis.
Case Reports in Hematology · 2013 · 5 citations · open access
Daunorubicin, Cytarabine, and Cladribine Regimen Plus Radiotherapy and Donor Lymphocyte Infusion for Extramedullary Relapse of Acute Myeloid Leukemia after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
AbstractMyeloid sarcoma is a rare tumor consisting of myeloid blasts that involve anatomic sites outside the bone marrow. Fatal prognosis is inevitable in patients with extramedullary relapse after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), and no standard treatments are available yet. We report the first case of extramedullary relapse after HSCT treated with a combination of daunorubicin, cytarabine, and cladribine (DAC) regimen plus radiotherapy and donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI). This treatment induced a new and durable remission in our patient. The favorable toxicity profile and the reduced cost make this combination worthy of further investigations.
European Journal Of Haematology · 2013 · 3 citations
Rapid remineralization of multiple disseminated bone lesions after high‐dose cytarabine in a patient with isolated myeloid sarcoma
AbstractIsolated myeloid sarcoma is a rare presentation of acute myeloid leukemia. There are limited data available concerning the prognostic relevance and the right treatment strategy for this clinical scenario. Here, we report a case of acute myeloid leukemia with extensive lesions and fractures in multiple bones in a 64-yr-old male patient. Remarkably, treatment with a high-dose cytarabine regimen led to rapid remineralization of all bone lesions and recovery of the patient's mobility within a few weeks. Thereby, surgical treatment and radiotherapy could be avoided, supporting the role of intensive induction and standard consolidation chemotherapy as first-line treatment for myeloid sarcoma.
Book Publisher International (a part of SCIENCEDOMAIN International) · 2022 · 0 citations
Myeloid Sarcoma Experience from Tertiary Care Centre of Western India
AbstractObjective: In rare cases, haematological malignancies can manifest as an extramedullary malignant myeloid precursor cell mass. Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a type of leukaemia that can be acute or chronic. At our institute, we will discuss the clinicopathological features and treatment response of patients with myeloid sarcoma (MS). Methods: From January 2010 to December 2015, we described the clinicopathological features and treatment response of 31 MS patients at the Medical oncology department of Gujarat Cancer Research Institute in Ahemdabad, Gujarat, India, as well as the relevant literature. MS patients were given systemic chemotherapy using AML-like regimens only, or local treatment (radiation, surgery) with or without systemic chemotherapy using AML-like regimens. Results: This study included 31 patients ranging in age from 6 to 68 years. (median: 32years; mean: 35.8years). There were 15 male and 16 female with a ratio of 0.9:1. The MS occurrence was most common at the lymphnodes (N=7, 22.6%), followed by Bones (N=5, 16.13%) and orbit (N=5, 16.13%) and reproductive organs (N=3, 9.70%). The MS of 5 patients (16.13%) were associated with AML, 5 (16.13%) patients were associated with CML and 21(67.74%) patients had de novo isolated MS. Twelve patients (38.71%) were treated with surgery and/or radiotherapy, chemotherapy (SRC) and nineteen (61.29%) with chemotherapy (C). Sixteen patients (51.61%) achieved a complete remission (CR), ten (32.26%) achieved a partial remission(PR), and five(16.13%) had progression. After treatment, the number of patients who achieved a CR was lower in the C group (N=8, 42.11%) than in the SRC group (N=8, 66.67) (P =0.035). Two patients in the SRC group and four in the C group died during the follow-up period (P =0.72). Survival rates for the SRC and C treatment groups were 83.3 percent and 78.9 percent, respectively (P=0.0328), with both groups lasting 36 months. Conclusion: To diagnose MS, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and imaging must be used in tandem. As soon as possible, induction chemotherapy or a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (imatinib) should be administered. Symptomatic lesions or tumours causing organ obstruction are treated with surgery and/or radiotherapy. To describe the characteristics of MS and the role of targeted treatment, prospective controlled trials are required.
Comprehensive analysis of the survival outcomes and causes of death among patients diagnosed with myeloid sarcoma in the United States from 2000 to 2016: A retrospective SEER-based study
AbstractMyeloid sarcoma (MS) is a rare hematological malignancy characterized as an extramedullary tumor mass of neoplastic myeloid blasts that may involve various anatomical sites and affect their tissue structure. Given that MS is very rare, there is insufficient knowledge regarding its clinical features and no well-established therapeutic guidelines. We conducted a retrospective study of MS patients diagnosed between 2000 and 2016 using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. We studied survival outcomes across different demographic and therapeutic subgroups. We also investigated the causes of death among our aimed cohort of patients. We found that between 2000 and 2016, 573 MS cases were reported in SEER 17 registries. Most patients were males (57.9%), and 55.1% were 60 or older. Most were non-Hispanic white (67.7%) and married (47.8%). Almost 61.4% were diagnosed with MS as their first primary tumor and 51.3% had only 1 tumor. In terms of treatment, 51.1% received chemotherapy, 26.2% underwent radiation therapy, and 13.6% had surgical management. The relative survival rate for MS patients in the United States is quite low, with a 3-year relative survival rate of 43.4%, declining to 39.0% at 5 years. Treatment with chemotherapy or surgical management has shown better survival outcomes. The primary cause of death is malignant diseases, particularly leukemias. Most deaths occur within the first year of diagnosis, with the risk gradually declining over time. MS is a rare malignant disease with a poor prognosis. Age and tumor location at diagnosis are important factors affecting survival. Chemotherapy is the most common treatment and has been found to improve survival. Most deaths in MS cases are due to malignant diseases, particularly leukemias. Future prospective studies are required to provide more significant outcomes and create targeted management regimens to enhance survival.
Disease module: DeepOracle (Open Targets). Structures: RDKit from PubChem SMILES. Literature: retrieved by DeepSearch across 234,678,978 indexed works (targeted per-candidate search), resolved on OpenAlex.
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